推拿概述与治病原理

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推拿,古称按摩、按蹻,是中医最古老的一种预防;治疗疾病的方法。早在先秦时代就有记载。我国古代名医扁鹊、华佗等就用这种方法治疗了许多疾病。魏、晋、隋、唐时期,推拿治疗和自我按摩保健已十分流行,并在那时传人了朝鲜、日本、印度和欧洲。宋、金;元时期;推拿防治的范围更加扩大,涉及到内、外、妇、儿各科疾病。及至明、清时期,在此基础上,推拿实践与理论更有了进步的发展,尤其是用推拿方法治疗小儿疾病,形成了独特的体系。以后,推拿疗法几经沿革,时至今日更以其防治疾病的特色和良好效果,在我国乃至世界范围内引起了高度重视。随着医学科学技术的进步,在理论和技术方面都有了新的更大的发展。
   推拿疗法和按摩保健之所以几千年间一直在人民群众中流传下来,是与它的良好疗效和作用分不开的。用这种方法治病保健,简单易行,易懂易学,深受群众的欢迎。现在,推拿已逐渐普及到家庭,人们都十分热衷于学习它的理论和技术。要学好推拿,达到防治疾病的目的,除了应懂得一定的中医和西医基本知识外,还要通过实践掌握推拿的基本技能和手法技巧,以及它在防治疾病和强身保健中的简单机制。另外,作为推拿医生或家庭推拿者,还必须有良好的身体素质,即在学习过程中,如能掌握一些推拿练功方法,则更有助于实施有效的推拿保健工作。
   推拿疗法是怎样达到防治疾病目的的呢?一般人都知道服药是从药物的有效成分进入人体,通过吸收而发挥作用的;手术则是以医疗器械去除病灶或整复机体患部而达到治疗目的的。推拿则不同于服药和手术。首先,它是以阴阳五行,脏腑经络,营、卫、气、血等中医理论为基础,对疾病进行辨证施治的。然后再以手法的技巧、力量的强弱,作用于人体的经络、穴位上而产生“热气â€类的“物质â€,通过经络系统最浅表的皮层(也就是体表),按络脉向经脉至内脏渐次传递的顺序,把这些“热气â€类有效的刺激,转变成治病防病的因素,从而达到平衡阴阳、调和气血、祛风除湿、温经散寒、活血化瘀、消肿止痛的治疗目的。而现代医学对推拿按摩防治疾病的道理是这样认识的;皮肤内含有皮脂腺、汗腺、毛囊、丰富的血管和末梢神经,推拿皮肤层<体表)防治疾病,正是通过对这些组织的刺激而产生的。由于推拿手法的外在压力作用于体表产生的物理刺激,在:作用区引起的生物物理和生物化学的变化,直接由皮肤或间接向肌肉深层、筋腱、神经、血管、淋巴等组织渗透,通过神经和体液的调节,产生一系列病理生理变化,从而使机体功能恢复并得到改善,以防治疾病的发生和发展。
   总之,推拿是一种古老而又不断发展完善的医疗方法,由于它无药害、无损伤,且简单有效,因而容易在很大范围内普及推广,溯古抚今,展望未来,它必将对人类的医疗保健事业作出更大的贡献。
 
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